[Home](https://tednelsonfan.com/) / Sources # Where every fact came from. Built 2026-09-14 from his own pages, Wikipedia, the Oxford Internet Institute, the Internet Archive, Tim Berners-Lee's 1992 CERN pages, Wired and the ACM. Nothing was invented; anything unverifiable was left out, and the disagreements between sources are shown rather than resolved. - Wikipedia: Ted NelsonBiography, career, publications, honors. Fetched 14 September 2026.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Nelson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Nelson) - Wikipedia: Project XanaduHistory, the seventeen rules, people, OpenXanadu.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Xanadu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Xanadu) - Wikipedia: Computer Lib/Dream MachinesThe 1974 book and its 1987 edition.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_Lib/Dream_Machines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_Lib/Dream_Machines) - Wikipedia: Literary MachinesEditions, subtitle, definition of hypertext.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literary_Machines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literary_Machines) - Wikipedia: Hypertext, Transclusion, Intertwingularity, ZigZagConcept histories and the 1965 citation.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext) - Wikipedia: Ralph Nelson and Celeste HolmHis parents.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celeste_Holm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celeste_Holm) - Project Xanadu (xanadu.com)His project site: Founded 1960 * The Original Hypertext Project.[https://xanadu.com/](https://xanadu.com/) - Ted Nelson home page (hyperland.com)Points to his YouTube channel and the three videos he most wants seen.[https://hyperland.com/](https://hyperland.com/) - Who I Am (ted.hyperland.com, 1998)His self-description, degrees, coined words, mentors and awards.[https://ted.hyperland.com/whoIam/](https://ted.hyperland.com/whoIam/) - Ted's ComParadigm in OneLiners (1999)The source of the HTML, hamburger, 747 and folder lines.[https://xanadu.com.au/ted/TN/WRITINGS/TCOMPARADIGM/tedCompOneLiners.html](https://xanadu.com.au/ted/TN/WRITINGS/TCOMPARADIGM/tedCompOneLiners.html) - Keio-era home page (xanadu.com.au/ted)Project professor at Keio SFC; ZigZag, CosmicBook, the motto.[https://xanadu.com.au/ted/](https://xanadu.com.au/ted/) - Oxford Internet Institute profileFellowship dates, Wadham, the systems humanist description, the 2001 honor.[https://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/people/profiles/ted-nelson/](https://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/people/profiles/ted-nelson/) - Internet Archive blog, 15 October 2010The Possiplex launch and the Kapor, Brand and Raymond quotations.[https://blog.archive.org/2010/10/15/ted-nelson-launches-his-autobiography-at-internet-archive/](https://blog.archive.org/2010/10/15/ted-nelson-launches-his-autobiography-at-internet-archive/) - Where My Ideas Came From-- for Brewster (2018)His own account of the origin of hypertext.[https://archive.org/details/HTbrewD11](https://archive.org/details/HTbrewD11) - Tim Berners-Lee, Ted Nelson and Xanadu (CERN, 1992)Literary Machines as essential reading.[https://www.w3.org/History/19921103-hypertext/hypertext/Products/Xanadu/Xanadu.html](https://www.w3.org/History/19921103-hypertext/hypertext/Products/Xanadu/Xanadu.html) - Wired 3.06, The Curse of Xanadu (June 1995)Gary Wolf's article; the vaporware line quoted from the article itself.[https://www.wired.com/1995/06/xanadu/](https://www.wired.com/1995/06/xanadu/) - ACM Digital LibraryThe 1965 paper record, doi 10.1145/800197.806036.[https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/800197.806036](https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/800197.806036) - Encounters with HCI Pioneers (Ben Shneiderman)SIGCHI 2014 award, the Ted Nelson Newcomer Award.[https://hcipioneers.wordpress.com/portfolio/nelson-ted/](https://hcipioneers.wordpress.com/portfolio/nelson-ted/) - ACM SIGCHI 2014 awardsSpecial Recognition Award.[https://archive.sigchi.org/awards/sigchi-award-recipients/2014-sigchi-awards/](https://archive.sigchi.org/awards/sigchi-award-recipients/2014-sigchi-awards/) - San Francisco Chronicle obituary, Marlene Mallicoat (2015)Collaborator from 1992, later his wife.[https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/sfgate/obituary.aspx?pid=174972671](https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/sfgate/obituary.aspx?pid=174972671) - computerlibbook.comHis store for the republished Computer Lib/Dream Machines.[https://computerlibbook.com/](https://computerlibbook.com/) - YouTube oEmbedEvery video ID on this site was checked against YouTube's oEmbed endpoint for title and channel.[https://www.youtube.com/oembed](https://www.youtube.com/oembed) - Wikimedia Commons APIEvery photograph's license and author were read from Commons metadata.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ted_Nelson](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ted_Nelson) ## Left out on purpose His contact details, which appear on his own pages. The Forbes line about the Orson Welles of software and a reported 1978 meeting with IBM, neither confirmed from a primary source. Any award, quotation or date not in the sources above. The cover of Computer Lib/Dream Machines, which is still under copyright. ## Photographs All from Wikimedia Commons under the licences shown, downloaded and hosted here rather than hotlinked. No AI-generated images anywhere on this site. - Ted Nelson presenting Project Xanadu at SuperHappyDevHouse, The Tech Museum of Innovation, San Jose, 19 February 2011Dgies, CC BY-SA 3.0[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ted_Nelson_at_SuperHappyDevHouse.jpg](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ted_Nelson_at_SuperHappyDevHouse.jpg) - Ted Nelson at The Tech Museum, San Jose, February 2011Dgies, CC BY-SA 3.0[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ted_Nelson_cropped.jpg](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ted_Nelson_cropped.jpg) - Ted Nelson at the Homebrew Computer Club reunion, 11 November 2013, where he was the featured speakerGotanero, CC BY-SA 3.0[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ted_Nelson_(November_2013).jpg](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ted_Nelson_(November_2013).jpg) - Ted Nelson, October 2011Gisle Hannemyr, CC BY-SA 3.0[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ted_Nelson.jpg](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ted_Nelson.jpg) - Ted Nelson at the Internet Archive, San Francisco, 8 October 2010, the night he launched PossiplexBeatrice Murch, CC BY 2.0[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ted_Nelson_-_5078420419.jpg](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ted_Nelson_-_5078420419.jpg) - Ted Nelson at the Internet Archive, San Francisco, 8 October 2010Beatrice Murch, CC BY 2.0[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ted_Nelson_-_5078423031.jpg](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ted_Nelson_-_5078423031.jpg) - Ted Nelson in front of a projected document, San Francisco, 8 October 2010Beatrice Murch, CC BY 2.0[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ted_Nelson_Rebranded_-_5078417937.jpg](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ted_Nelson_Rebranded_-_5078417937.jpg) - Ted Nelson speaking at OpenTech, London, 23 July 2005, beneath his slide: Today's computer world is based on tekkie misunderstandings of human thought and human lifeLoopZilla, CC BY-SA 1.0[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ted_Nelson_Opentech2005.jpg](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ted_Nelson_Opentech2005.jpg) - Ted Nelson at Keio University, 1999, with a ZigZag display and its colour-coded keyboardBelinda Barnet, CC BY-SA 4.0[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ted-nelson-1999.jpg](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ted-nelson-1999.jpg) - The Hypertext Editing System console at Brown University, October 1969: the IBM 2250 display and light pen of the system Nelson consulted on in 1967Gregory Lloyd, CC BY 2.0[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HypertextEditingSystemConsoleBrownUniv1969.jpg](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HypertextEditingSystemConsoleBrownUniv1969.jpg) - Life magazine's 1945 illustration of Vannevar Bush's memex, the desk of linked microfilm that Nelson names among the origins of his ideasTime Inc. (Life magazine), public domain[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Memex_(3002477109).jpg](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Memex_(3002477109).jpg) - Vannevar Bush, whose 1945 essay As We May Think described the memexOffice for Emergency Management (OEM Defense), Library of Congress cph.3a37339, public domain[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vannevar_Bush_portrait.jpg](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vannevar_Bush_portrait.jpg) - Douglas Engelbart at SRI in December 1968, the month of the demonstration later called the Mother of All DemosSRI International, CC BY-SA 3.0[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SRI_Douglas_Engelbart_1968.jpg](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SRI_Douglas_Engelbart_1968.jpg) - Douglas Engelbart in 2008; Nelson delivered his eulogy at the Computer History Museum in 2013Alex Handy, CC BY-SA 2.0[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Douglas_Engelbart_in_2008.jpg](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Douglas_Engelbart_in_2008.jpg) - Parrish Hall, Swarthmore College, where Nelson took his B.A. in philosophy and where the 1979 Xanadu summer was heldKungming2, CC BY 3.0[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Swarthmore_Parrish_Hall.jpg](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Swarthmore_Parrish_Hall.jpg) - The main gate of Keio University's Shonan Fujisawa Campus, where he was visiting professor from 1996 and took his Ph.D. in 2002Karadameguricha, CC BY-SA 3.0[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Keio_University_Shonan_Fujisawa_Campus_Main_Gate.jpg](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Keio_University_Shonan_Fujisawa_Campus_Main_Gate.jpg) - The front door of the Oxford Internet Institute, where he was a Fellow from 2004Abullard, CC BY-SA 4.0[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oxford_Internet_Institute_Front_Door.jpg](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oxford_Internet_Institute_Front_Door.jpg) - Celeste Holm in 1947, the year of her Academy Award for Gentleman's AgreementUnknown (studio publicity), public domain[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Studio_publicity_Celeste_Holm.jpg](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Studio_publicity_Celeste_Holm.jpg) - Celeste Holm in 1955MGM studio, public domain[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Celeste_Holm-1955.jpg](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Celeste_Holm-1955.jpg) - Ralph Nelson in 1973, photographed by one of his childrenRBNRP (photographed by his child), CC BY-SA 3.0[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Ralph_Nelson.jpg](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Ralph_Nelson.jpg) --- An independent fan and tribute site celebrating the work of Ted Nelson. Not affiliated with, endorsed by, or the official site of Ted Nelson or Project Xanadu. His real sites are xanadu.com and hyperland.com.